This is the 1st layer of texture for the planet in foreground. It was made using the gradient fill tool, mode set to difference. Several passes used to come up with this look.
The planet ring started as a layer with render>cloud filter. This layer was distorted with the distort>twirl filter (twice@ 999%.)With the elliptical marquee tool cut it and the circle in the center out. Lastly it was fre transformed.